The eminent scientist who ushered India into the atomic age was
Dr. Homi
Jehangir Bhabha. He was born on 30 October 1909 in a Parsi family of
Mumbai. He is called the
'Father of Indian Nuclear Science'. Dr.Bhabha
was appointed the first chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, set up
in 1948. It was largely due to his efforts that the nation's first
Atomic research Center, now named Bhabha Atomic research Center, was
established at Trombay, near Mumbai. Under his expert guidance the
nation's first atomic reactor '
Apsara' was also commissioned in 1956. In
1945, he founded the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai.
Dr.Bhabha had a highly distinguished career and was an exceptionally
bright student. Even as a student, he made some fundamental discoveries
in electricity, magnetism, quantum theory and the cosmic rays. Dr.Bhabha
as the scientist of a very high caliber, received many national and
international awards and honours. In 1942, he was awarded the 'Adams'
award. In 1951, Bhabha was elected the president of the Indian Science
Congress. In 1955, he was elected the chairman of the U.N. sponsored
International conference on the peaceful uses of the atomic energy held
in Geneva. The Government of India also honoured him with 'Padma
Bhushan' in 1954. The 'Homi Jehangir Bhabha Award' has been instituted
by Indian National Science Academy. He passed away in 1966 in a plane
crash.
C.V.Raman was a scientist in Physics, who won noble prize in 1930. Raman
was born on 7th November,1888 at Ayyanpettai in Tamil Nadu. He had his
education in Visakhapatanam and Madras. After getting top ranking in the
Financial Civil Service Competitive Exam, he was appointed as Deputy
Accountant General in Calcutta (Kolkutta). In 1917 he became the
professor of Physics at the Calcutta University. After 15 years service
at the Calcutta University, Raman shifted to Bangalore and became the
Director of the Indian Institute of Science in 1933. In 1943 he founded
'Raman Research Institute', near Bangalore. His discovery of the 'Raman
Effect' made a very distinctive contribution to Physics. He was knighted
by the British Government in 1929. He was also conferred the highest
title of 'Bharat Ratna' in 1954. The 'Raman Effect' was a demonstration
of the 'Collision' effect of light bullets (photons) passing through a
transparent medium, whether solid, liquid or gaseous. Raman's
publications include 'Molecular Diffraction of Light', 'Mechanical
Theory of Bowed Strings' and 'Diffraction of X-ray's', 'Theories of
Musical Instruments' etc. Raman conducted pioneering research in musical
acoustics, particularly on Tamboura, the well known Indian musical
instrument.
Jagdish Chandra Bose was an Indian physicist who pioneered the
investigation of radio and microwave optics. Bose was born in Mymensingh
in Bengal (now in Bangladesh) on November 30, 1858. His father,
Bhagawan Chandra Bose worked as a tax collector for the British East
India Company. His family originally hailed from the village Rarikhal,
Bikrampur, in the current day Dhaka District of Bangladesh. Having
started his studies in a local school, Bose studied at the St. Xavier's
School and College at Kolkata. He passed the Entrance examination
(equivalent to school graduation) of Calcutta University in 1875. He
received a B.A. in Science from Calcutta University in 1879. Next, Bose
went to England to study at Christ's College, Cambridge. He received a
B.A. from Cambridge University and a B.Sc. from the London University in
1884. After completing his studies in London, Bose return to Kolkatta
and was appointed Professor at Presidency College in Kolkatta. Then he
became the director of the institute he founded and remained in the post
till his death on 23rd November 1937. Jagadish Chandra Bose was one of
the pioneers of modern science in India.His researchwas on the properties of electro-magnetic waves.
Srinivasa Ramanujan was a great Mathematician, who became world famous
at the age of twenty six. He was born at Erode in Tamil Nadu on 22
December 1887. Ramanujan could not complete his college education
because of illness. He was so interested in mathematics that he learned
on his own. He found out new formulas for solving mathematical problems
and wrote articles about them. Professor Hardy a scientist in the
Cambridge University saw one his article and impressed by his knowledge,
took Ramanujan to England. Ramanujan was considered as the master of
theory of numbers. The most outstanding of his contributions was his
formula for p (n), the number of 'partitions' of 'n'. It was in 1914,
while he was working in Trinity College he developed the 'Number Theory'
and for his valuable contribution, was elected fellow of Trinity
College on 18th October 1917. He returned to India in 1919 and began
Research. He passed away on 26 April 1920. Government of India issued a
commemorative stamp in his honour. Indian National Science academy and
many other scientific institutions in India are giving various awards in
memory of this brilliant mathematician.
Vikram.A.Sarabhai, was the main personality behind the launching of
India's first satellite, Aryabhata in 1975. He was born in Ahmedabad,
Gujarat in a family of industrialists. He was also responsible for the
Equatorial Rocket Building Station at Thumba. Sarabhai set up the
Ahmedabad Textile Industries Research Association, a laboratory for
research in Physics and the Indian Institute of Management. Sarabhai was
the second chairman of India's Atomic Energy Commission and the Indian
Space Research Organisation. Sarabhai's study of cosmic rays under the
eminent scientist Dr. C.V. Raman, revealed that cosmic rays are a stream
of energy particles reaching the earth from the outer space, being
influenced on their way by the sun, the atmosphere and magnetism. This
study helps in observing terrestrial magnetism and the atmosphere, the
nature of the sun and outer space. He was conferred 'Padma Shri' in 1966
and was posthumously awarded 'Padma Vibushan' in 1972. He was also
awarded 'Dr. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize' in 1962. This great
scientist could be credited with launching India into space age.
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